Which type of court martial includes a military judge and at least three members?

The correct answer is that a general court martial includes a military judge and at least three members. A general court martial is the highest level of military court and is used for serious offenses that can result in significant penalties, including confinement or discharge from service. It typically involves a panel of at least five members, one of whom is a military judge, demonstrating the seriousness and grave nature of the proceedings it handles.

On the other hand, special and summary court martials have different structures and purposes. A special court martial, while it does have a military judge, typically has only three members on the panel for cases that are significant but not as severe as those handled by a general court martial. Summary court martial is notably more informal, designed for minor offenses, and usually does not involve a panel of members but rather a single officer acting as both the judge and jury. An Article 15 hearing is an administrative procedure, not a formal court martial, focused on non-judicial punishment for minor offenses, which does not involve a military judge or panel members.