Which of the following types of searches requires probable cause?

The type of search that requires probable cause is a search warrant. To obtain a search warrant, law enforcement must present enough evidence to a judge or magistrate to establish probable cause that a crime has been committed, or that specific evidence related to a crime can be found in the location to be searched. This requirement is rooted in the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

In contrast, a consent search can be conducted if an individual voluntarily agrees to allow law enforcement to search their property. This type of search does not require probable cause. Border searches, which are conducted at international borders and ports of entry, are also exempt from the probable cause requirement due to national security interests. Emergency searches, conducted when there is an imminent risk of evidence being destroyed or to protect life, do not require a warrant or probable cause either.