Which of the following illustrates an example of a search that does not require probable cause?

The correct choice represents a situation in which a search can be conducted without needing the standard level of probable cause, typically because the individual is already in lawful custody. When a patrol officer apprehends a suspect, they are authorized to perform a search of the person and the immediate area around them for weapons or evidence that could be destroyed. This is justified by the need to ensure officer safety and preserve evidence.

Searches incident to arrest are widely accepted in law enforcement as an exception to the probable cause requirement because they ensure that officers can safely manage the situation and gather evidence relevant to the criminal activity for which the individual is being taken into custody. This principle is critical for maintaining the safety of both officers and the public, as well as ensuring that important evidence is not lost.

In contrast, options like a search warrant or exigent search specifically involve situations where probable cause has been established, whereas a search incident to arrest occurs under a different legal rationale that does not necessitate it prior to the search being conducted.