Which legal doctrine allows officers to stop and question a person based on reasonable suspicion?

The Terry Stop Doctrine is the correct answer because it establishes the legal framework allowing law enforcement officers to stop and briefly detain a person for questioning if they have reasonable suspicion that the individual is involved in criminal activity. This doctrine stems from the landmark Supreme Court case Terry v. Ohio, where the Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment permits officers to perform investigative stops when they observe unusual conduct that leads them to reasonably suspect that a person may be involved in criminal behavior.

The cornerstone of the Terry Stop is the concept of reasonable suspicion, which is a lower threshold than probable cause. It allows officers to act on the immediate facts at hand that suggest potential criminal activity is occurring, without the need for a warrant or probable cause, which is necessary for arrests. This legal doctrine is crucial for officers to ensure public safety and to intervene when they believe a crime may be in progress.

The other options relate to different legal principles. The Miranda Doctrine deals with the rights of individuals during custodial interrogation, the Exclusionary Rule prevents the admission of evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, and the Probable Cause Doctrine is a standard required for search and arrest warrants that is higher than reasonable suspicion.