What type of search requires consent from the individual being searched?

A consent search is characterized by the fact that it is conducted with the voluntary agreement of the individual who is being searched. This type of search is grounded in the Fourth Amendment rights, which protect individuals against unreasonable searches and seizures. When an individual provides consent, they effectively waive their right to contest the search legally, allowing law enforcement to proceed without a warrant or probable cause.

In practice, it is essential that the consent given is informed and voluntary, meaning the individual understands they have the right to refuse the search. The circumstances surrounding the consent must be evaluated to ensure that it was not obtained through coercion or duress.

The other search types mentioned in the question are distinguished by different legal standards and circumstances. For instance, exigent searches can be conducted without consent in emergency situations where immediate action is necessary to prevent harm, destruction of evidence, or escape of a suspect. Emergency searches are similar but are often related to securing a situation where immediate danger is present. Border searches have specific rules allowing for searches without consent at international borders, which is justified by national security considerations.