What type of investigation involves gathering information on past criminal activity?

The correct choice is historical investigation because this type focuses specifically on collecting and examining information related to past criminal activities. In law enforcement, understanding the history of criminal behaviors in a specific area can help officers identify patterns, assess ongoing risks, and develop strategies for prevention or intervention. This form of investigation often includes reviewing old case files, interviewing past witnesses, and looking into previous crime reports to build a comprehensive view of the criminal landscape over time.

Behavioral investigation typically aims to understand the motivations or psychological profiles of criminals, while current activity investigation centers on events or behaviors happening in the present. A probable cause investigation is concerned with establishing sufficient grounds to make an arrest or obtain a warrant, focusing on imminent criminal activity rather than the historical context. Thus, historical investigation stands out as the most appropriate choice for gathering information about past criminal behavior.