What is an essential feature of martial law?

An essential feature of martial law is that the military governs without civilian authority during emergencies. This situation typically arises in times of crisis, such as war, natural disasters, or civil unrest, where the normal constitutional government is unable to maintain order and security. Under martial law, military officials take control, exercising authority that typically belongs to civilian government officials. This can involve imposing curfews, suspending constitutional rights, and prioritizing stability and public safety over usual legal processes.

The other choices do not accurately represent the primary function or characteristics of martial law. For instance, while the military may be involved in various aspects of governance or support during emergencies, its primary role during martial law is to maintain order, not to conduct elections or provide social services. Additionally, being involved only in foreign affairs does not encompass the full scope of responsibilities assumed by the military under martial law, as its focus is on domestic governance and security rather than foreign policy matters.