What defines Absolute Martial Law?

Absolute Martial Law is defined as a condition where military authority completely replaces civilian government functions and control. This situation typically arises in times of emergency, such as war, invasion, or civil unrest, where the normal operations of civilian governance are deemed ineffective or unsafe. During Absolute Martial Law, military leaders assume full governing responsibilities, which often includes the suspension of civil liberties and the imposition of military regulations to restore order.

The other choices illustrate contrasting situations or misunderstandings regarding martial law. For instance, while military exercises may be conducted during martial law, they do not characterize Absolute Martial Law itself. Similarly, civilian laws being maintained or control only extending over public civil rights reflect scenarios where the military does not fully supplant the civilian government, rather than an absolute takeover. Thus, the defining characteristic of Absolute Martial Law is the total substitution of military authority for civilian governance.