What are punitive articles as defined in the MCM?

Punitive articles are defined in the Manual for Courts-Martial (MCM) as specific offenses that, if committed, can lead to disciplinary actions or punishment within the military justice system. These articles outline the behaviors that are unacceptable for military personnel and categorize them as offenses that could result in various forms of punishment, ranging from non-judicial punishment to court-martial proceedings. This framework is essential for maintaining order, discipline, and morale within the armed forces.

In contrast, guidelines for promotion pertain to the processes and standards necessary for advancing in rank, while rules of engagement are directives that establish the circumstances and limitations under which military forces may engage in combat or use force. Standard operating procedures refer to established routines and protocols that govern daily operations and tasks within an organization, rather than addressing conduct that leads to punishment.